Chap 1 Locating Places on the Earth

Let’s Explore (Page 7)

1. Observe the picture. What do you notice? Where does the lake water come from? Who made the road and why? What could be the activities, history, and future of the people in the house?

A.

• What I notice: A large mountain, a calm lake, a small house with a tiled roof, a narrow road, and green trees all around.
• Lake water: From rain or small streams flowing down the mountain.
• The road: Built by people or the government for easy travel to and from the house and lake.
• People: Likely farmers or fishermen whose family has lived there for generations. Their future depends on their choices and changes around them.

1. Looking at the city picture, what questions come to mind?

A.

1. What is the name of this city?
2. What work do people do in these tall glass buildings?
3. Why do the roads look empty despite so many buildings?
4. Is this city noisy or quiet?
5. How would you find answers to questions about these two images?
6. Ask a teacher or parents · Read books about villages and cities · Search the internet · Visit such places and talk to locals.
7. How are these questions relevant to Social Science?
8. Social Science helps us understand our world — different places, people, and their lives across time. These questions directly relate to that study.

Game (Page 8)

1. You arrive at the railway station and want to reach the bank. Which way do you go? Can you locate the garden, school, and museum? How do you go from the bank to the market?

A.

• Station → Bank: Walk on the main road past the Hospital, turn right, pass the Nagar Panchayat — the Bank is on your right. (Alternate: road past the apartments.)
• Locating places: School and Museum are visible on the map. No public garden is marked; farms appear in the top-right area.
• Bank → Market: Return to the main road, turn right, walk past the Museum, then turn left to reach the Market.

 

Let’s Explore (Page 9)

1. On the map: (a) Mark the hospital. (b) What do blue areas mean? (c) What is farthest from the station — school, Nagar Panchayat, or public garden?

A.

• The hospital is the large building at the centre of the map.
• Blue areas represent water bodies — likely a lake or river.
• The School appears farthest from the Railway Station.

Activity — Draw a map of your school and nearby streets: Draw the school in the centre → add surrounding roads → mark nearby landmarks (shop, temple, post office) → compare maps across groups and discuss differences.

Let’s Explore (Page 10)

1. Draw a map of a 40 m × 30 m playground at scale 1 cm = 10 m. Measure the diagonal on paper and find its real length.

A.

• On paper: 40 m → 4 cm; 30 m → 3 cm. Draw a 4 cm × 3 cm rectangle.
• Diagonal on paper: 5 cm (measure with ruler).
• Real diagonal: 5 × 10 = 50 metres.

Let’s Explore (Page 11)

1. Identify correct/incorrect statements using the city map:
2. The market is north of the hospital.
3. The museum is southeast of the bank.
4. The railway station is northwest of the hospital.
5. The lake is northwest of the apartment blocks.

A.

1. ❌ Incorrect — the market is south of the hospital.
2. ✅
3. ✅
4. ✅

Activity — Cardinal direction of your home from school: Stand in the school playground. Think about which direction you travel home — identify if it is N, S, E, or W. Confirm with your teacher or parents.

Activity — Draw a rough map of your locality: Mark home and school · Draw the main road · Add key landmarks (post office, temple, river, railway) using standard symbols · Mark a North arrow in the corner.

Let’s Explore (Page 13)

1. If white plays d2→d4, what is black’s mirror response?
2. Black plays d7 → d5 (moving the queen’s pawn two squares forward).

Let’s Explore (Page 17)

1. Note approximate latitude and longitude of Mumbai, Kolkata, Singapore, and Paris.

A.

City	Latitude	Longitude
Mumbai	19°N	73°E
Kolkata	22°N	88°E
Singapore	1°N	104°E
Paris	49°N	2°E

Let’s Explore (Page 21)

1. One friend is in Porbandar (Gujarat), another in Tinsukia (Assam). It’s already dark in Assam but still daylight in Gujarat — why? Calculate the time difference.

A.

• Reason: Earth rotates west to east. Assam is in the east, so it receives sunlight earlier and the sun sets earlier. Gujarat is in the west, so it has daylight longer.
• Calculation: Longitude difference ≈ 30°. Earth rotates 15° per hour. Time difference = 30 ÷ 15 = 2 hours.

1. Use the same example to explain local time vs. standard time.

A.

• Local time: Based on the sun’s actual position at a specific place. It differs at every longitude — hence one friend sees sunset while the other has daylight.
• Standard time: A single uniform time followed by the whole country to avoid confusion. Both friends’ watches show the same IST, regardless of the sun’s position.

Questions, Activities & Projects (Pages 24–25)

1. Q. Calculate the real distance from the Narmada estuary to the Ganga estuary (scale: 2.5 cm = 500 km).
2. First, find the value of 1 cm using the given scale:

2.5 cm = 500 km

1 cm = 500 ÷ 2.5 = 200 km

Now, the measured distance on the map = 5.5 cm

Real Distance = 5.5 × 200 = 1100 km

Therefore, the real distance between the estuaries of the Narmada and Ganga rivers is approximately 1100 km.

2. Q. Why is it 5:30 pm in India when it is 12 pm in London?
3. India lies to the east of London. Indian Standard Time (IST) is set 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). As Earth spins eastward, time advances eastward.
4. Q. Why do we need symbols and colours on maps?
5. A map is small; we cannot draw actual buildings, rivers, or roads on it. Symbols (e.g., ‘PO’ for Post Office) and colours (e.g., blue for water) convey large amounts of information clearly and compactly.
6. Activity — Find what lies in all eight directions from your home or school.
7. The eight directions: N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW. Stand outside and identify landmarks in each direction. For example: “A park lies to the North; the main road is to the East.”
8. Q. Difference between local time and standard time?

A.

• Local time: Based on the sun’s overhead position; changes with every longitude.
• Standard time: A single, uniform time adopted by an entire country. India follows IST.

6. Q. Delhi (29°N, 77°E) and Bengaluru (13°N, 77°E) — what is the difference in their local time?
7. Almost no difference. Local time depends on longitude, and both cities share nearly the same longitude (77°E).
8. Q. True or False — explain each.

Statement	Answer	Reason
All parallels of latitude have the same length.	False	Parallels shrink from the Equator towards the Poles; the Equator is the longest.
A meridian’s length is half that of the Equator.	True	A meridian is a half-circle (Pole to Pole); the Equator is a full circle.
The South Pole has a latitude of 90°S.	True	By definition, the South Pole is at 90°S and the North Pole at 90°N.
In Assam, local time and IST are identical.	False	IST is based on India’s central meridian; Assam’s eastern longitude makes its local time ahead of IST.
Time zone lines are identical to meridians.	False	Time zone lines bend to follow country borders and are not perfectly straight.
The Equator is also a parallel of latitude.	True	The Equator is the 0° parallel of latitude.

8. Crossword Answers

Across: 1. SCALE · 4. GLOBE · 5. EQUATOR · 6. GREENWICH · 8. MAP · 10. LATITUDE

Down: 2. LONGITUDE · 3. COORDINATES · 6. GRID · 7. IST · 9. NORTH POLE · 11. IDL