Chap 3 Ruling the Countryside

Let’s Recall Match the following: ryot – peasant mahal – village nij – cultivation on planter’s own land ryoti – cultivation on ryot’s lands Fill in the blanks: (a) Growers of woad in Europe saw indigo as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings. (b) The demand for indigo increased in late eighteenth-century … Read more

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age

Let’s Recall Fill in the blanks: (a) The British described the tribal people as wild and savages. (b) The method of sowing seeds in jhum cultivation is known as broadcasting. (c) The tribal chiefs got land titles in central India under the British land settlements. (d) Tribals went to work in the tea plantations of … Read more

Friction

1. Fill in the blanks. (a) Friction opposes the motion between the surfaces in contact with each other. (b) Friction depends on the nature of surfaces. (c) Friction produces heat. (d) Sprinkling of powder on the carrom board reduces friction. (e) Sliding friction is less than the static friction. 2. Four children were asked to … Read more

Human Resources

1) Answer the following questions: (i) Why are people considered a resource? Answer: People are considered a resource because it is through their capabilities, knowledge, and skills that natural resources are transformed into valuable assets. Healthy, educated, and motivated individuals contribute significantly to the development of a society and economy, making human resources the most … Read more

The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947

1) Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s? Answer: People were dissatisfied due to several reasons including oppressive laws like the Arms Act (1878) and the Vernacular Press Act (1878), which curtailed basic freedoms and censored the press. The introduction of the Ilbert Bill (1883) and its subsequent withdrawal due … Read more

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