Confronting Marginalisation

1. “State one reason why you think reservations play an important role in providing social justice to Dalits and Adivasis.” Answer: Reservations help Dalits and Adivasis by giving them fair chances in education and jobs. Because these communities were kept away from good schools and jobs for many years, reservations make sure they get extra … Read more

Human Resources

In-text Activity Question 1: “Study Fig. 5.1 and find out: of the world’s total population which continent has — (a) only 5 per cent (b) only 13 per cent (c) only 1 per cent (d) only 12 per cent” Answer: (a) North America has only 5% (b) Africa has only 13% (c) Oceania (Australia, New … Read more

CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

Activity 11.1 Question: “However, if the bulb does not glow, it means that the tester is not working. Can you think of the possible reasons?” Answer: The bulb may not glow if the connections are loose, if the bulb is fused, or if the cells in the tester have no power left. Tightening the connections, … Read more

REACHING THE AGE OF ADOLESCENCE

In-text Questions and Answers: 1. What is the name of the period between childhood and adulthood? Answer: The period between childhood and adulthood is called adolescence. 2. Why do some body parts seem out of proportion during adolescence? Answer: During adolescence, different parts of the body grow at different rates. This means your arms or … Read more

Sound

In-Text Questions and Answers Question: How do you come to know that a ‘period’ is over in your school? Answer: We know that a period is over when we hear the school bell ring. Question: How is sound produced? How does it travel from one place to another? How do we hear sound? Why are … Read more

Understanding Marginalisation

1. Explain at least three different reasons why groups may be marginalised. Answer: Groups may be marginalised for several reasons: Different Language or Customs: If a group speaks a different language or follows customs that are not like the majority, they may be excluded. Religion: Belonging to a different religious group from the majority can … Read more

Women, Caste and Reform

1) Can you think of the ways in which social customs and practices were discussed in the pre-printing age when books, newspapers, and pamphlets were not readily available? Answer: Before printing was common, people shared ideas through oral communication. They held meetings, gatherings, and discussions in places like temples, marketplaces, and homes. Stories, songs, and … Read more

Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation

Match the following: William Jones – Respect for ancient cultures Rabindranath Tagore – Learning in a natural environment Thomas Macaulay – Promotion of English education Mahatma Gandhi – Critical of English education Pathshalas – Gurus 2. True or False: (a) True – James Mill was a strong critic of the Orientalists and wanted practical education. … Read more

Parliament and the Making of Laws

Question 1: Use the terms ‘constituency’ and ‘represent’ to explain who an MLA is and how the person gets elected. Answer: An MLA is a person elected by the people of a constituency to represent them in the state Legislative Assembly. The state is divided into constituencies, and people vote for their representative. The candidate … Read more

When People Revolt 1857 and After

1. What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British? Answer: Rani Lakshmibai wanted the British to recognize her adopted son as the rightful heir to Jhansi after her husband’s death. The British, under the Doctrine of Lapse, refused and annexed the kingdom. 2. What did the British do … Read more

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