Chap 1 – Geographical Diversity of India

Q 1. What are some key geographical features of India?A. India has high mountains (the Himalayas), wide fertile plains (like the Gangetic Plains), plateaus (such as the Deccan Plateau), a hot desert (the Thar), long coastlines with beaches and deltas, and two big island groups (Lakshadweep and the Andaman-Nicobar Islands). Q 2. How does India’s … Read more

Chapter 11 – Light: Shadows and Reflections

11.1 Sources of Light 1 · Does the Moon actually produce its own light? No. The Moon is non-luminous; it merely reflects sunlight. 2 · Which objects give off their own light? Any luminous object: the Sun, stars, lightning, flames, LEDs, fireflies, some deep-sea animals, etc. 11.2 Does Light Travel in a Straight Line? (Activities … Read more

Chapter 9 – Life Processes in Animals

But how does this process (digestion) happen? Food is pushed through a long tube called the alimentary canal. At different spots along that tube special liquids (digestive juices) break big food pieces into tiny ones the body can use. What do you think is the role of saliva in your mouth? Saliva makes food wet … Read more

Chapter 8 – Measurement of Time and Motion

How was time measured when there were no clocks and watches? People watched events in nature that repeat—sunrise / sunset, phases of the Moon, seasons. To mark smaller parts of a day they made simple devices: Sundial – uses the Sun’s shadow. Water clock – water drips out (or fills a bowl) in fixed time. … Read more

Chapter 7 – Heat Transfer in Nature

Activity 7.1 – Pins on a heated metal strip Q 1. Why does pin I fall before pin II? Why don’t all pins fall together?Heat travels along the metal from the candle end toward the far end. The wax nearest the flame melts first, so pin I drops first, then pin II, III, IV in … Read more

Chapter 4 – The World of Metals and Non-metals

4.1 Properties of Materials Activity 4.1 – Table 4.1: “Are they lustrous? Hard or soft? What happens when hammered?” S. No. Object / material Appearance Hard / soft Effect of hammering 1 Piece of copper Shiny (lustrous) Hard Flattens into a thin sheet 2 Piece of aluminium Shiny (lustrous) Hard Flattens into a thin sheet … Read more

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