Question 1: What similarities and differences did you find among the plants that you observed?
Answer:
Similarities:
- All plants have stems and leaves.
- Many have flowers.
- They all need sunlight, water, and soil to grow.
Differences:
- Some plants are tall, while others are short.
- Stems can be thick or thin, hard or soft.
- Leaves come in different shapes and sizes.
- Some plants have flowers of different colors, while others do not have flowers.
Question 2: What are the similarities and differences among the animals that you have observed and recorded in Table 2.2?
Answer:
Similarities:
- All animals need food, water, and air to live.
- They all can move in some way.
- Many have eyes, ears, and legs.
Differences:
- Animals live in different places like trees, soil, water, or land.
- They eat different kinds of food like plants, insects, or other animals.
- They move differently—some fly, some walk, some crawl, and some swim.
- Their body features vary—some have wings, some have fins, some have legs.
Question 3: You will be surprised to see that the basis used by different groups may vary. What do you think are the reasons behind it?
Answer:
Different groups might choose different features to group plants and animals because everyone notices different things. Some may focus on size, others on color, or where they live. This happens because there are many features to consider, and people might find different features important.
Question 4: What is the importance of grouping?
Answer:
Grouping helps us organize and understand plants and animals better. It makes it easier to study them by putting similar ones together. This way, we can learn about their characteristics and see how they are alike or different.
Question 5: What differences do you observe among herbs, shrubs, and trees? How can you group plants as herbs, shrubs, and trees based on the data entered in Table 2.3?
Answer:
Differences:
- Herbs: Small plants with soft, green stems. They are usually short.
- Shrubs: Medium-sized plants with hard, woody stems and branches near the ground.
- Trees: Tall plants with thick, hard stems called trunks, and branches high above the ground.
We can group plants by looking at their height, the type of stem they have, and how their branches grow.
Question 6: Do you think that plants can be grouped on the basis of venation present in their leaves?
Answer:
Yes, plants can be grouped based on the pattern of veins in their leaves. Some leaves have a net-like pattern called reticulate venation, while others have veins running side by side called parallel venation.
Question 7: What differences do you see in the veins of leaves shown in Fig. 2.4a and Fig. 2.4b?
Answer:
In Fig. 2.4a, the leaf has reticulate venation where the veins form a network like a net. In Fig. 2.4b, the leaf has parallel venation where the veins run parallel from the base to the tip of the leaf.
Question 8: What are the similarities and differences in the roots of the plants collected by you? What differences do you see in the roots of plants shown in Fig. 2.5a and Fig. 2.5b?
Answer:
Similarities:
- All plants have roots that help them absorb water and nutrients.
Differences:
- Some plants have a main root called a taproot with smaller side roots (like in Fig. 2.5a).
- Other plants have many small roots of similar size called fibrous roots (like in Fig. 2.5b).
Question 9: Is there any relation between the type of leaf venation and the type of root of the same plant? How do we find this out?
Answer:
Yes, there is a relation. Generally, plants with reticulate venation have taproots, and plants with parallel venation have fibrous roots. We can find this out by observing different plants and noting their leaf venation and root types.
Question 10: Do you observe any relation between the leaf venation and types of root in these plants?
Answer:
Yes, there is a relation. Plants that have leaves with reticulate venation usually have taproots. Plants with leaves that have parallel venation usually have fibrous roots.
Question 11: What relation do you observe among leaf venation, root types, and the number of cotyledons in seeds of a plant?
Answer:
Plants with reticulate venation and taproots usually have seeds with two parts called cotyledons (dicots). Plants with parallel venation and fibrous roots usually have seeds with one cotyledon (monocots).
Question 12: Is there any relation among the seed of a plant, types of root, and leaf venation? Are all seeds similar?
Answer:
Yes, there is a relation. Not all seeds are similar. Plants with seeds that split into two parts (dicots) usually have taproots and reticulate venation. Plants with seeds that do not split (monocots) usually have fibrous roots and parallel venation.
Question 13: What conclusions can you draw from the data given in Table 2.5?
Answer:
Different animals move in different ways and use different body parts to move. For example, birds use wings to fly, fish use fins to swim, and animals like goats use legs to walk. We can group animals based on how they move and the body parts they use.
Question 14: What are your observations regarding plants and animals found in various regions?
Answer:
Plants and animals in different regions have special features that help them survive there. For example, in deserts, we find camels and cactus plants that can live with little water. In mountains, we find goats with thick fur and trees with sloping branches.
Question 15: What differences do you observe between them? (Camels from hot desert and cold desert)
Answer:
- Camels in Hot Deserts:
- Have one hump.
- Long legs with wide feet.
- Thin fur.
- Camels in Cold Deserts:
- Have two humps.
- Shorter legs.
- Thick fur to keep warm.
Question 16: What advantages do these differences provide to these camels?
Answer:
These differences help camels survive in their environments. Camels in hot deserts have long legs to keep their bodies away from the hot sand and one hump to store fat. Camels in cold deserts have thick fur to stay warm and two humps to store more fat for the cold winters.
Question 17: What other features can help camels to survive in the desert?
Answer:
- They can go without water for many days.
- They have long eyelashes and can close their nostrils to keep out sand.
- They do not sweat much, so they lose less water.
- They store fat in their humps to use when food is scarce.
Question 18: What would happen if the habitat of a plant or an animal is damaged? What would happen if a goat does not get grass to eat? Can a fish survive without water?
Answer:
If a habitat is damaged, plants and animals may lose their homes and food and might not survive. If a goat does not get grass to eat, it could starve and die. A fish cannot survive without water because it needs water to breathe and live.
Question 19: Can you think of more such examples?
Answer:
Yes. If forests are cut down, animals like tigers and monkeys lose their homes. If ponds dry up, frogs and ducks cannot live there anymore. If flowers are not available, bees and butterflies cannot find nectar to eat.
Question 20: Here are two types of seeds. What differences do you find among the roots and leaf venation of their plants?
(a) Wheat (b) Kidney beans
Answer:
- Wheat:
- It is a monocot plant.
- Has fibrous roots.
- Leaves have parallel venation.
- Kidney Beans:
- It is a dicot plant.
- Has a taproot.
- Leaves have reticulate venation.
Question 21: Names of some animals are given below. Group them based on their habitats. Write the names of aquatic animals in the area marked ‘A’ and terrestrial animals in the area marked ‘B’. Enter the names of animals living in both habitats in part ‘C’.
Horse, Dolphin, Frog, Sheep, Crocodile, Squirrel, Whale, Earthworm, Pigeon, Tortoise
Answer:
- A (Aquatic Animals):
- Dolphin
- Whale
- B (Terrestrial Animals):
- Horse
- Sheep
- Squirrel
- Earthworm
- Pigeon
- C (Animals living in both habitats):
- Frog
- Crocodile
- Tortoise
Question 22: Manu’s mother maintains a kitchen garden. One day, she was digging out radish from the soil. She told Manu that radish is a kind of root. Examine a radish and write what type of root it is. What type of venation would you observe in the leaves of radish plant?
Answer:
Radish has a taproot. The leaves of the radish plant have reticulate venation.
Question 23: Look at the image of a mountain goat and a goat found in the plains. Point out the similarities and differences between them. What are the reasons for these differences?
Answer:
Similarities:
- Both are goats.
- Both have four legs and horns.
- Both eat plants.
Differences:
- Mountain Goat:
- Has thicker fur to stay warm.
- Stronger legs and hooves for climbing.
- Lives in cold, rocky mountains.
- Plain Goat:
- Has shorter fur.
- Lives in flat, warmer areas.
Reasons for Differences:
The mountain goat’s features are adaptations to survive in cold and rocky environments. The plain goat is adapted to live in warmer and flatter areas.
Question 24: Group the following animals into two groups based on any feature other than those discussed in the chapter—cow, cockroach, pigeon, bat, tortoise, whale, fish, grasshopper, lizard.
Answer:
Group Based on Having Wings or Not:
- Animals with Wings:
- Pigeon
- Bat
- Cockroach
- Grasshopper
- Animals without Wings:
- Cow
- Tortoise
- Whale
- Fish
- Lizard
Question 25: As the population grows and people want more comfortable lives, forests are being cut down to meet various needs. How can this affect our surroundings? How do you think we can address this challenge?
Answer:
Cutting down forests can lead to loss of homes for animals and plants, causing them to die or disappear. It can cause soil erosion and reduce clean air. To address this challenge, we can plant more trees, protect forests, recycle materials, and use resources wisely.
Question 26: Analyze the flowchart. What can be examples of ‘A’ and ‘B’?
Answer:
- **’A’ could be a dicot plant, like a rose or pea plant, because it has leaves with reticulate venation.
- **’B’ could be a monocot plant, like grass or rice, because it does not have reticulate venation but has parallel venation.
Question 27: Raj argues with his friend Sanjay that “Gudhal (hibiscus) plant is a shrub.” What questions can Sanjay ask for clarification?
Answer:
Sanjay can ask:
- How tall is the Gudhal plant?
- Does it have a woody stem?
- Where do the branches start—near the ground or higher up?
- Is the stem hard or soft?
These questions can help understand why Raj thinks it is a shrub.
Question 28: Based on the information in the table, find out examples of these plants for each group.
Group A:
- Type of Seed: Dicot
- Type of Root: Taproot
- Examples: Mustard, Bean, Mango
Group B:
- Type of Seed: Monocot
- Type of Root: Fibrous roots
- Examples: Wheat, Maize, Grass
(a) What other similarity do plants of group A have?
Answer:
They have leaves with reticulate venation.
(b) What other similarity do plants of group B have?
Answer:
They have leaves with parallel venation.
Question 29: Observe the labelled part of a duck in the picture given below. What differences do you observe in the feet of the duck compared to the other birds? Which activity would the duck be able to perform using this part?
Answer:
The duck has webbed feet, which are different from the feet of other birds like pigeons. The webbed feet help the duck to swim in water easily.