Q1. What is the primary purpose of secondary activities in manufacturing?
a) To extract minerals
b) To change raw materials into products of higher value
c) To provide various services
d) To cultivate agricultural products
Answer: b) To change raw materials into products of higher value
Explanation: Secondary activities in manufacturing transform raw materials into products that have more value and utility, as illustrated by the conversion of wood pulp into paper and then into a notebook.
Q2. Which of the following is NOT a basis for classifying industries?
a) The scale of production
b) The type of raw materials used
c) The geographical location
d) The ownership of the industry
Answer: c) The geographical location
Explanation: Industries are classified based on raw materials (agro, mineral, marine, forest-based), size (small scale, large scale), and ownership (private, state-owned/public, joint, cooperative sectors), not primarily on their geographical location.
Q3. What characterizes a small scale industry?
a) High capital investment
b) Extensive use of advanced technology
c) Manufacturing products by hand or with small machines
d) Large volume of production
Answer: c) Manufacturing products by hand or with small machines
Explanation: Small scale industries typically involve manufacturing products by hand or using small machines. These industries have lesser capital investment and technology compared to large scale industries.
Q4. In the context of industrial disasters, what was significant about the incident in Bhopal in 1984?
a) It was caused by a natural disaster.
b) It involved a leak of poisonous gases from a pesticide factory.
c) It was a major railway accident.
d) It was due to an offshore oil spill.
Answer: b) It involved a leak of poisonous gases from a pesticide factory.
Explanation: The Bhopal disaster in 1984 was a technological accident where highly poisonous Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas leaked from a pesticide factory, leading to thousands of deaths and long-term health issues for survivors.
Q5. Which of the following is not a factor affecting the location of industries?
a) Availability of raw materials
b) Presence of religious sites
c) Accessibility to transport
d) Availability of labor
Answer: b) Presence of religious sites
Explanation: The factors affecting the location of industries include availability of raw materials, land, labor, power, capital, transport, water, and market. The presence of religious sites is not a relevant factor in this context.
Q6. What is the primary raw material used in the iron and steel industry?
a) Limestone
b) Coal
c) Iron ore
d) Cotton
Answer: c) Iron ore
Explanation: The primary raw material used in the iron and steel industry is iron ore. Along with other inputs like coal and limestone, iron ore is essential in the steel-making process.
Q7. What is the main end product in the iron and steel industry?
a) Aluminium
b) Copper
c) Steel
d) Plastic
Answer: c) Steel
Explanation: The main end product of the iron and steel industry is steel, which is produced through various stages, including smelting and refining of iron ore.
Q8. The textile industry primarily utilizes which type of raw material?
a) Metallic ores
b) Agricultural products
c) Petroleum products
d) Synthetic chemicals
Answer: b) Agricultural products
Explanation: The textile industry primarily uses agricultural products like cotton, wool, and silk as raw materials for manufacturing various textile products.
Q9. Which of these industries is considered a ‘Sunrise Industry’?
a) Coal mining
b) Iron and steel production
c) Information technology
d) Shipbuilding
Answer: c) Information technology
Explanation: Information technology is referred to as a ‘Sunrise Industry’ because it represents an emerging, rapidly growing sector with a bright future and potential for innovation.
Q10. What does a cottage industry typically involve?
a) Large scale mechanized production
b) Production in large factories
c) Handcrafted products made by artisans
d) Heavy industrial machinery
Answer: c) Handcrafted products made by artisans
Explanation: Cottage industries are characterized by the production of goods at a small scale, often in a home setting, with products handcrafted by artisans.
Q11. What is a key characteristic of cooperative sector industries?
a) They are primarily government-owned.
b) They are owned and operated by their workers or suppliers.
c) They are large multinational corporations.
d) They solely focus on exporting goods.
Answer: b) They are owned and operated by their workers or suppliers.
Explanation: Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers, or both, focusing on mutual benefits and shared profits.
Q12. What was the primary reason for the establishment of the iron and steel industry in Jamshedpur, India?
a) Proximity to religious sites
b) Presence of a large urban market
c) Availability of raw materials and favorable geographic conditions
d) Strict environmental regulations
Answer: c) Availability of raw materials and favorable geographic conditions
Explanation: Jamshedpur was chosen for the iron and steel industry due to its proximity to essential raw materials like iron ore, coal, and limestone, as well as favorable geographic conditions like the presence of rivers for water supply.
Q13. Which of the following is an example of a mineral-based industry?
a) Cotton textile
b) Steel production
c) Dairy products
d) Vegetable oil processing
Answer: b) Steel production
Explanation: A mineral-based industry uses mineral ores as raw materials. Steel production is an example of this, as it primarily uses iron ore, a mineral, as its raw material.
Q14. The industrial system consists of inputs, processes, and outputs. What would be considered an ‘input’ in the textile industry?
a) The finished garments
b) The machinery used for textile production
c) The profits generated from sales
d) The design and marketing strategies
Answer: b) The machinery used for textile production
Explanation: In the context of an industrial system, ‘inputs’ refer to raw materials, labor, costs of land, transport, power, and other infrastructure needed for production. In the textile industry, machinery used for production is a key input.
Q15. Which factor is not typically considered when determining the location of an industry?
a) Cultural traditions of the area
b) Availability of raw materials
c) Access to transportation networks
d) Availability of labor
Answer: a) Cultural traditions of the area
Explanation: Factors like the availability of raw materials, access to transportation, and labor are crucial in determining the location of an industry. Cultural traditions, while important in some contexts, are not typically a primary consideration in industrial location decisions.
Q16. In which sector is the iron and steel industry classified?
a) Tertiary
b) Quaternary
c) Secondary
d) Primary
Answer: c) Secondary
Explanation: The iron and steel industry is classified in the secondary sector, which involves the processing of raw materials into finished products, such as turning iron ore into steel.
Q17. What is the main purpose of risk reduction measures in industries?
a) To increase production efficiency
b) To minimize the environmental impact
c) To ensure worker satisfaction
d) To prevent and mitigate industrial accidents and disasters
Answer: d) To prevent and mitigate industrial accidents and disasters
Explanation: Risk reduction measures in industries are primarily aimed at preventing and mitigating accidents and disasters, ensuring the safety of workers and the surrounding community.
Q18. Which of the following is not a characteristic of large-scale industries?
a) High capital investment
b) Use of advanced technology
c) Production of goods in small quantities
d) Employment of a large number of people
Answer: c) Production of goods in small quantities
Explanation: Large-scale industries are characterized by high capital investment, advanced technology, and employment of a large number of people. They typically produce goods in large quantities, not small.
Q19. What is a primary characteristic of agro-based industries?
a) They rely on synthetic chemicals.
b) They use plant and animal-based products as raw materials.
c) They primarily focus on information technology.
d) They utilize heavy machinery for production.
Answer: b) They use plant and animal-based products as raw materials.
Explanation: Agro-based industries use agricultural products, including both plant and animal-based materials, as their raw materials. Examples include food processing and dairy industries.
Q20. Which of these is a characteristic feature of the cottage or household industries?
a) Large-scale export operations
b) Mass production with automated machinery
c) Handmade products and involvement of artisans
d) High-volume, capital-intensive production
Answer: c) Handmade products and involvement of artisans
Explanation: Cottage or household industries are characterized by the manufacturing of products by hand, involving artisans. These industries typically operate on a small scale and may include crafts like basket weaving and pottery.
Q21. In the context of the iron and steel industry, what is ‘smelting’?
a) The process of refining steel to make it rust-resistant
b) A marketing strategy for steel products
c) The process of extracting metals from their ores by heating
d) The technique of shaping steel into various products
Answer: c) The process of extracting metals from their ores by heating
Explanation: Smelting is a key process in the iron and steel industry, involving the extraction of metal (such as iron) from its ore by heating beyond the melting point.
Q22. What does the term ‘joint sector industry’ refer to?
a) Industries owned by foreign corporations
b) Industries managed by worker unions
c) Industries owned and operated by both the state and private individuals
d) Industries that operate in multiple countries
Answer: c) Industries owned and operated by both the state and private individuals
Explanation: Joint sector industries are those where the ownership and management involve both the state and individuals or a group of individuals. This is a collaborative approach between the public and private sectors.
Q23. Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
a) Textile industry, due to its widespread consumer base
b) Iron and steel industry, because of its essential role in providing raw materials for other industries
c) Information technology industry, due to its impact on digitalization
d) Petroleum industry, because of its importance in energy production
Answer: b) Iron and steel industry, because of its essential role in providing raw materials for other industries
Explanation: The iron and steel industry is often called the backbone of modern industry as it provides essential materials like steel for a vast range of other industries, crucial for infrastructure and manufacturing.
Q24. What is the main risk associated with industries located near densely populated areas?
a) High operational costs
b) Difficulty in sourcing raw materials
c) Risk of industrial accidents impacting the local population
d) Challenges in managing industrial waste
Answer: c) Risk of industrial accidents impacting the local population
Explanation: Industries located near densely populated areas pose a significant risk in case of industrial accidents or disasters, as these can have direct and severe impacts on the local population.
Q25. What is the main advantage of having an industry close to the source of raw materials?
a) Reduced transportation costs
b) Easier access to skilled labor
c) More efficient waste disposal
d) Better interaction with customers
Answer: a) Reduced transportation costs
Explanation: Locating an industry close to the source of its raw materials significantly reduces transportation costs, which is a crucial factor in the overall economics of manufacturing.
Q26. What role does the government play in influencing the location of industries?
a) It solely provides financial support.
b) It only focuses on environmental regulations.
c) It provides incentives and infrastructure support.
d) It restricts industrial growth to certain areas.
Answer: c) It provides incentives and infrastructure support.
Explanation: Governments often influence the location of industries by providing incentives like subsidized power, lower transport costs, and infrastructure development, especially to promote industrial growth in backward areas.
Q27. In the context of the iron and steel industry, what is the importance of limestone?
a) It is the primary source of iron.
b) It is used as a fuel source in the blast furnace.
c) It acts as a flux in the smelting process.
d) It is the main ingredient in steel alloy.
Answer: c) It acts as a flux in the smelting process.
Explanation: In the iron and steel industry, limestone is used as a flux in the smelting process. It helps in removing impurities from the iron ore during the production of steel.
Q28. What is a key feature of the industrial regions of the world?
a) They are predominantly located in tropical areas.
b) They are usually situated near coal fields or sea ports.
c) They are exclusively located in highly urbanized areas.
d) They are mostly found in landlocked regions.
Answer: b) They are usually situated near coal fields or sea ports.
Explanation: Major industrial regions of the world are typically located in temperate areas, near sea ports and especially near coal fields, which provide essential resources and transportation advantages.
Q29. What is the primary focus of risk reduction measures in industrial areas?
a) To maximize the efficiency of production
b) To ensure the safety and well-being of the local population and workers
c) To enhance the export potential of the industry
d) To focus on the development of new products
Answer: b) To ensure the safety and well-being of the local population and workers
Explanation: Risk reduction measures in industrial areas are primarily focused on ensuring the safety and well-being of the local population and the workforce, particularly in terms of preventing and managing accidents and disasters.
Q30. Which of the following is not a characteristic of public sector industries?
a) They are operated by individual entrepreneurs.
b) They are owned and operated by the government.
c) They often focus on providing essential services or goods.
d) They can include industries like steel and aerospace.
Answer: a) They are operated by individual entrepreneurs.
Explanation: Public sector industries are not operated by individual entrepreneurs; instead, they are owned and operated by the government and often focus on providing essential services or goods, such as steel production or aerospace.
Q31. What is a major factor contributing to the development of industrial regions?
a) High tourist attraction
b) Availability of natural beauty and landscapes
c) Proximity to essential resources and markets
d) Presence of historical sites
Answer: c) Proximity to essential resources and markets
Explanation: The development of industrial regions is significantly influenced by their proximity to essential resources (like raw materials) and markets, which facilitate efficient production and distribution.
Q32. Which of the following industries is an example of a service provider?
a) Textile industry
b) Tourism industry
c) Iron and steel industry
d) Coal mining industry
Answer: b) Tourism industry
Explanation: The tourism industry is a service provider, focusing on offering services rather than manufacturing goods or extracting minerals. It forms part of the tertiary sector of the economy.
Q33. What distinguishes small scale industries from large scale industries?
a) Use of manual labor over machines
b) Focus on service provision rather than production
c) Lesser capital and technology usage
d) Exclusive use of local raw materials
Answer: c) Lesser capital and technology usage
Explanation: Small scale industries are characterized by lesser capital investment and technology usage compared to large scale industries, which typically involve more capital and advanced technology.
Q34. Which industry typically uses products from the sea and oceans as raw materials?
a) Agro-based industries
b) Forest-based industries
c) Marine-based industries
d) Mineral-based industries
Answer: c) Marine-based industries
Explanation: Marine-based industries utilize products from the sea and oceans as their raw materials, such as in the processing of seafood or manufacturing of fish oil.
Q35. What was a significant change in the location of the iron and steel industry after 1950?
a) Shift towards inland regions
b) Relocation to urban centers
c) Movement to areas near sea ports
d) Concentration around coal fields
Answer: c) Movement to areas near sea ports
Explanation: After 1950, there was a notable shift in the iron and steel industry towards locations near sea ports. This change was driven by the need for large areas of flat land and the import of iron ore from overseas.
Q36. Which of the following best describes the term ‘industrial system’?
a) A government policy for industrial development
b) A set of laws regulating industrial activities
c) A combination of inputs, processes, and outputs in production
d) An organizational structure for managing industries
Answer: c) A combination of inputs, processes, and outputs in production
Explanation: An industrial system refers to the combination of inputs (like raw materials and labor), processes (various activities to convert raw materials into products), and outputs (the end products and income earned from them) in a manufacturing setup.