Chap 7 – The Gupta Era: An Age of Tireless Creativity

Q 1. Who were the Guptas? Why is the Gupta period sometimes called the ‘classical age’ in Indian history?A. The Guptas were a family of kings who first ruled parts of today’s Uttar Pradesh and, by the 4ᵗʰ century CE, controlled much of North India from their capital Pāṭaliputra. Because art, science, literature, and trade … Read more

Chap 1 – Geographical Diversity of India

Q 1. What are some key geographical features of India?A. India has high mountains (the Himalayas), wide fertile plains (like the Gangetic Plains), plateaus (such as the Deccan Plateau), a hot desert (the Thar), long coastlines with beaches and deltas, and two big island groups (Lakshadweep and the Andaman-Nicobar Islands). Q 2. How does India’s … Read more

Chapter 11 – Light: Shadows and Reflections

11.1 Sources of Light 1 · Does the Moon actually produce its own light? No. The Moon is non-luminous; it merely reflects sunlight. 2 · Which objects give off their own light? Any luminous object: the Sun, stars, lightning, flames, LEDs, fireflies, some deep-sea animals, etc. 11.2 Does Light Travel in a Straight Line? (Activities … Read more